Archives for Reference

Pope Francis “Economy of Exclusion” Address to UN Agencies, Funds and Programmes, April 9, 2014

  Key terms in this speech: “all forms of injustice,” “economy of exclusion,” throwaway culture,” culture of death,” “sadly risk becoming passively accepted”Mr Secretary General, Ladies and Gentlemen, I am pleased to welcome you, Mr Secretary-General and the leading executive officers of the Agencies, Funds and Programmes of the United Nations and specialized Organizations, as you gather in Rome for the biannual meeting for strategic coordination of the United Nations System Chief Executives Board. It is significant that today’s meeting takes place shortly after the solemn canonization of my predecessors, Popes John XXIII and John Paul II. The new saints inspire

Apple outlines process for handing over your data to law enforcement: “Legal process guidelines US law enforcement”

  Legal process guidelines US law enforcement These Guidelines are provided for use by law enforcement or other government entities in the U.S. when seeking information from Apple Inc. (“Apple”) about users of Apple’s products and services, or from Apple devices. Apple will update these Guidelines as necessary. This version was released on May 7th, 2014. All other requests for information regarding Apple users, including user questions about disclosure of information, should be directed tohttp://www.apple.com/privacy/contact/. These Guidelines do not apply to requests that law enforcement agencies make outside the U.S. to Apple’s relevant local subsidiaries. I. General Information Apple designs, manufactures,

Russian Internet Censorship Law (Passed 2012)

  The Russian internet censorship bill, officially titled “On Amendments to Federal Law On Protecting Children from Information Harmful to Their Health and the Development and Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation” (139-FZ of 2012-07-28) passed the Russian Duma in 2012.  It passed unanimously with support from all four parties.  441 out of 450 deputies voted to support the bill.  The bill had raced through the Duma, less than a week after the initial June 6 reading of the amendments and its June 11 third reading and passage. The bill created a registry–or “blacklist.”  The registry was  a “uniform registry of

Virginia Declaration of Rights (1776) – James Mason

  James Mason, Virginia judge, anti-federalist statesman and delegate to the 1986 U.S. Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia–the purpose of which was to revise the Articles of Confederation–refused to sign the U.S. Constitution because it did not include several Amendments Mason believed necessary, including a declaration of rights.  In 1791 the U.S. Bill of Rights was ratified in response to such demands by the states. James Mason wrote the Virginia Declaration of Rights, which was adopted as the Virginia Constitution in 1776 before becoming the prime source for the language of Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence, James Madison’s Bill of Rights,

American Bill of Rights and Amendments 11-27

  The Bill of Rights (Ratified December 15, 1791) The Preamble to The Bill of Rights Congress of the United States begun and held at the City of New-York, on Wednesday the fourth of March, one thousand seven hundred and eighty nine. THE Conventions of a number of the States, having at the time of their adopting the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added: And as extending the ground of public confidence in the Government, will best ensure the beneficent ends of its institution.

Alaskan Constitution (1956)

The Constitution of the State of Alaska Adopted by the Constitutional Convention February 5, 1956 Ratified by the People of Alaska April 24, 1956 Became Operative with the Formal Proclamation of Statehood January 3, 1959   Preamble We the people of Alaska, grateful to God and to those who founded our nation and pioneered this great land, in order to secure and transmit to succeeding generations our heritage of political, civil, and religious liberty within the Union of States, do ordain and establish this constitution for the State of Alaska. Article 1 – Declaration of Rights § 1. Inherent Rights

Edward Snowden January Interview on German TV

  This is the full transcript of Edward Snowden’s January interview, which is immediately taken down from YouTube when it is posted on that site. In this interview, Snowden speaks about the range and scope of the spying programs of the NSA and other functionaries of the U.S. government.  He also answers questions about himself and his relationship with the U.S. government.   Snowden discusses Germany and reminds his audience, “there are times throughout history–and it doesn’t take long for either an American or a German to think about times in the history of their country–where the law provided the government to

Geneva Conventions of 1949 and Additional Protocols

  The Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocols 29-10-2010 Overview The Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols are international treaties that contain the most important rules limiting the barbarity of war. They protect people who do not take part in the fighting (civilians, medics, aid workers) and those who can no longer fight (wounded, sick and shipwrecked troops, prisoners of war). The Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols are at the core of international humanitarian law, the body of international law that regulates the conduct of armed conflict and seeks to limit its effects.  They specifically protect people